Country Information

Spain reverted to a constitutional monarchy in 1975. It has a population of 48.8 million (July 2024). In addition to a bicameral Parliament (Cortes General) it has 17 regional “Autonomous Communities” (Comunidades Autónomas) each with their own Parliament (Cortes). There are also some 8000 Municipalities (Municipios) which are grouped together into 50 Provinces (Provincias) within the Autonomous Communities. There is thus central, regional and two tiers of local government in Spain. The Comunidades Autónomas have their own administrative and executive systems and, whilst accountable to the Cortes Generales, they have the ability to enact legislation on most issues.

An article of the Constitution requires the public authorities to guarantee the protection of the health, safety and economic interests of consumers and this was enacted by general statute in 1984. The main responsibility for enforcement of consumer protection is delegated to the 17 Comunidades Autónomas. The larger Municipios also have an enforcement responsibility; this is coordinated by the Comunidades Autónomas.

Spain covers a land area of 504.782 km².